Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL), defined as the unfortunate occurrence of two or more consecutive pregnancy losses, is a distressing reproductive health issue affecting a significant number of couples worldwide. The underlying causes of RPL are diverse and complex, with genetic, immunological, hormonal, and anatomical factors contributing to the condition. Among the genetic factors, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene polymorphisms have gained attention as potential players in RPL, specifically focusing on the HLA-3 UTR 14bp Ins/Del (insertion/deletion) polymorphism. HLA-G Gene and Its Significance.

The HLA-G gene, belonging to the HLA family, plays a crucial role in immune regulation during pregnancy. It is primarily expressed by placental trophoblast cells and is essential for establishing tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetus. HLA-G exists in various soluble or membrane-bound isoforms, contributing to immune modulation and successful placentation. It has been linked to conditions such as preeclampsia and recurrent pregnancy loss.

Gli Aborti Spontanei Ricorrenti (ASR), definiti come la sfortunata occorrenza di due o più perdite consecutive di gravidanza, rappresentano un angosciante problema di salute riproduttiva che colpisce un significativo numero di coppie in tutto il mondo. Le cause sottostanti degli ASR sono diverse e complesse, con fattori genetici, immunologici, ormonali ed anatomici che contribuiscono alla condizione.
Tra i fattori genetici, i polimorfismi genetici dell'antigene leucocitario umano (HLA) hanno attirato l'attenzione come possibili agenti negli ASR, concentrandosi in particolare sulla polimorfia HLA-3 UTR 14bp Ins/Del (inserzione/cancellazione).